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Peer-Reviewed Journals
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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Yellow Filters can improve Magnocellular Function: Motion Sensitivity, Convergence, Accommodation and Reading. Synopsis: Yellow Filters should be tried in all children with reduced convergence and accommodation and reading before prisms, corrective lenses or exercises are prescribed. Source: ANN. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1039: 283-293 (2005). doi.10.1196/annals.1325.027 Authors: N J. Ray, S Fowler and J F. Stein Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities. A Controlled Field Study of the use of coloured overlays on reading achievement Synopsis: 71 Third Grade students in 2 US schools identified as having Irlen Syndrome were subject to immediate and delayed treatment with Irlen filters, and their improvements measured for rate, accuracy and comprehension. Improvements over 3 months were between 1.5 years and 2.7 years, with a plateau effect thereafter for one group. Source: Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities 9,2, June 2004, 14-22. Authors: Noble, Orton, Irlen & Robinson Australian Journal of Remedial Education. Irlen coloured lenses for reading: A six year follow-up Synopsis: 94% of wearers of Irlen filters reported ongoing improvements after six years. These results are compared with other studies. Source: Australian Journal of Remedial Education 26,3 133-18 (Now The Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities.) Authors: Whiting, Robinson & Parrott Behavioural Optometry. The effects of Irlen Coloured Filters on Eye Movement: A long-term placebo controlled and masked study Synopsis: Found improvements in a range of visual tasks in 113 subjects with reading diffilculties using Irlen Filters. There were also linear effects for age. Source: Behavioural Optometry 1,7,4, 5-18 Authors: Robinson & Foreman Focus on dyslexia research. The Family Incidence of a visual-perceptual subtype of dyslexia Synopsis: In three studies, 83% of children with Irlen Syndrome had one or both parents with similar symptoms. Family history would be a useful factor in identifying children likely to have visual processing problems and reading difficulties. Source: Focus on dyslexia research. Nunez, M.(Ed.). NY: Nova Science Books. 2004. Authors: Robinson, Foreman, Dear & Sparkes Journal of Correctional Education. The Incidence of Scotopic Senstivity Syndrome in Colorado Inmates. Synopsis: 80% of 155 inmates participating in prison education programs had a high incidence of symptoms of Irlen Syndrome, cf.12-14% in the general population. Using coloured overlays, 56% showed considerable improvement and 33% moderate improvement. Source: Journal of Correctional Education 51,3, Sept 2000, 294-299. Authors: Whichard, Feller & Kastner Journal of Research in Reading. The relationship between dyslexia and Meares-Irlen Syndrome. Synopsis: Children with dyslexia seem to benefit more from coloured overlays than non-dyslexic children. MIS and dyslexia are separate entities and are detected and treated in different ways. Source: Journal of Research in Reading, ISSN 0141-0423 Volume 28, Issue 3, 2005, pp 350-364. Authors: Kriss, I., and Evans, B.J.W. Journal of the American Optometric Association. Eye Movement efficiency in normal and reading disabled elementary school children: effects of varying luminance and wavelength Synopsis: Blue filters resulted in a significant improvement in the number of fixations and regressions and rate of reading in reading disabled children. Source: Journal of the American Optometric Association (1998). Authors: Solan, Ficara, Brannan & Rucker Ophthalmological and Physiological Optometry. Coloured Overlays and their effects on reading speed: A Review Synopsis: Coloured overlays can reduce symptoms of visual stress and increase reading speed, and are not placebo. Source: Ophthalmological and Physiological Optometry 22, 448-454 (2002). The College of Optometrists. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. UK. Author: Wilkins, A. Coloured Overlays in Schools: Orthoptic and Optometric findings Synopsis: The benefit children received from a coloured overlay was not related to orthoptic of optometric findings. Concludes that children with visually precipitated symptoms and/or reading difficulties need both evaluation of their accomodative and binocular status and investigation of the effect of coloured filters. Source: Ophthalmological and Physiological Optometry 22, 156-165 (2002). The College of Optometrists. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. UK. Authors: Scott, McWhinnie, Taylor, Stevenson, Irons, Lewis, Evans, Evans & Wilkins The effect of Coloured Filters on the rate of reading in an Adult Student population Synopsis: Irlen Syndrome likely to be as common in adults as in children, and improvements using Irlen filters similar. Source: Ophthalmological and Physiological Optometry 22, 535-545 (2002). The College of Optometrists. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. UK. Authors: Evans & Joseph Both Coloured Overlays and Coloured Lenses can improve reading fluency, but their optimal chromaticities differ Synopsis: For improvement in reading rate, overlay colours provide no clinically reliable guide to optimal lens colour. Source: Ophthalmological and Physiological Optometry 19,4, 279-285 (1999). The College of Optometrists. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. UK. Authors: Lightstone, A., Lightstone T., & Wilkins, A. Perceptual and Motor Skills. Biochemical Anomalies in people with Irlen Syndrome Synopsis: Adds to the evidence for a biochemical basis for dyslexia and Irlen Syndrome. Discusses some of the complexities surrounding interpretation and practical applications of such findings. Source: Australasian Association of Irlen Consultants Inc. 2004. Authors: Robinson, Sparkes, Roberts & Dunstan See also Robinson, G.L., McGregor, N.R., Roberts, T.K., Dunstan, R.H., & Butt, H. (2001) A biochemical analysis of people with chronic fatigue who have Irlen Syndrome: Speculation concerning immune system dysfunction. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93, 486-504. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia Synopsis: Dyslexic individuals showed diminished visually evoked potentials to rapid, low-contrast stimuli but normal responses to slow or high-contrast stimuli. Post-mortem studies showed abnormalities in the magnocellular but not the parvocellular visual pathways. Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 88, Sept 1991. 7943-7947 Authors: Livingstone, Rosen, Drislane & Galaburda The Australasian Journal of Special Education. The Interpretation of Emotion from facial expression for children with Irlen Syndrome. Synopsis: Children with Irlen Syndrome had significantly lower scores for interpreting emotion from facial expression than children with reading difficulty but no Irlen Syndrome, and children without reading difficulty. Source: The Australasian Journal of Special Education 27,2,2003, 50-67. Authors: Robinson & Whiting The Bulletin for Learning Disabilities. The incidence of symptoms of scotopic sensitivity syndrome in a sample of Australian and New Zealand schools Synopsis: Identified 12.5% of 856 school children as having "good" symptoms of SSS, and 8.5% as having "excellent" symptoms. Strong tendency for low teacher estimates of literacy competence and school achievement to be associated with such symptoms. Robinson, Hopkins & Davies found that 22% of 350 secondary school students in years 7 and 11 seemed to have significant symptoms of Irlen Syndrome. Source/Authors: Robinson, G.L., Hobbs, M., Thomas, G., Freney, P., & Wilson, E. Unpublished paper. See also Robinson, G.L., Hopkins, B., & Davies, T., (1995) The incidence of scotopic sensitivity syndrome in secondary school populations: A prelimary survey. The Bulletin for Learning Disabilities 5(1), 36-56 and Robinson G.L., Foreman, P.J., & Dear. K., (1996) The familial incidence of scotopic sensitivity. Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, 1043-1055. |